ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: The main purpose of this study was to compare the effect of three methods of combined training [strength and endurance] on serum adiponectin levels and insulin resistance in overweight elderly women
Material and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 40 elderly women [mean agepf 60.34 +/- 0.82 years, mean height: 155 +/- 0.01 cm, and mean weight: 71.72 +/- 1.89 kg] were enrolled using purposeful method and then randomly assigned to four groups: strength + endurance [n=10], endurance + strength [n=9], circulation combined [n=12], and control [n=9] groups. Serum adiponectin levels and insulin resistance index were measured before, and 48 hours after the last training session. Training programs were implemented three days a week for eight weeks. Paired t - test was used for evaluation of differences within each group and one-way ANOVA to compare the groups with one another
Results: After eight weeks of combined training, all three experimental groups showed significant reduction in weight, body mass index [BMI], body fat percentage, and glucose [P and le0.05]. Significant differences were found in weight [p=0.017] and BMI [p=0.023] between the 4 groups, but no significant differences were found in adiponectin and insulin resistance [p>0.05]
Conclusion: According to the results of this study, despite positive changes in body composition and body fat percentage, none of the three methods of combined training caused a significant change in serum adiponectin levels and insulin resistance in the overweight elderly women
ABSTRACT
Endurance training has an important role in the prevention and adjuvant therapy of breast cancer. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of endurance training on miR-155 expression, signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 [STAT[3]] gene expression, and interleukin 6 [IL-6] protein in breast cancer tumor in mice. In this study, 16 female Balb/C mice were randomly divided into exercise-tumor [ET] and rest-tumor [RT] groups. The mice were oriented in the environment and one million estrogen-dependent breast cancer cells [MC4L2] were injected into each mouse. Subsequently, the ET group performed endurance exercise, 5 days per week for 6 weeks. Tumor volume was measured by a digital caliper weekly. Finally, the mice were sacrificed and tumor tissue was removed and kept in -70[degree]C. Then, RNA was extracted by the Trizol protocol and complementary DNA [cDNA] was synthesized according to guidelines of the Kit Company. Consequently, the real-time PCR method was performed and data was collected. Significant differences were observed between the ET and RT groups in the STAT[3] gene expression, miR-155 expression, and IL-6 protein [P < 0.05]. These results were consistent with tumor growth rate. Exercise can reduce miR-155 expression, STAT[3] gene expression, and IL-6 protein in tumor tissue. Due to the reduction in miR-155 expression, STAT[3] gene expression, and IL-6 protein in the ET group, it can be claimed that endurance training can be used as adjuvant therapy by decreasing of oncogenic and inflammation factors